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The Trimates
The Trimates, sometimes called Leakey's Angels,〔Freeman, Simon, "Inside Story: Money Business in Borneo; Birute Galdikas was seen as conservationist saint in the mould of crusaders like Dian Fossey. Now her jungle idyll is falling apart." ''The Guardian'', January 4, 1994〕 is a name given to three women — Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey,〔Dian Fossey "soon became one of the so-called Leakey's Angels, sponsored by" Louis Leakey "to do long-term research in Africa," according to "The Martyrdom of Dian Fossey," ''LIFE The Most Notorious Crimes in World History'' (Des Moines: LIFE Books, 2013), 99.〕 and Birutė Galdikas — chosen by anthropologist Louis Leakey to study hominids in their natural environments. They studied chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans respectively.
==Background==
Louis Leakey's interest in primate ethology stemmed from his attempts to recreate the environment in which the primate, ''Proconsul'', lived in the Rusinga Island region. He saw similarities between this environment and the habitat of the chimpanzees and gorillas. He had been trying to find observers since 1946. In 1956, he sent his secretary, Rosalie Osborn, to Mount Muhabura in Uganda to "help habituate" gorillas,〔Morell, Virginia, ''Ancestral Passions: The Leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings''. New York : Simon & Schuster, 1995. Morell's term, Chapter 17. She, however, uses Leakey's customary term.〕 but she lasted only four months, and returned to England. Leakey was considering taking the job himself when Jane Goodall providentially brought herself to his attention.
To fund Goodall's research at the Gombe Stream Preserve, Leakey created the Tigoni Primate Research Center in 1958. With donations from sources including the National Geographic Society and the Wilkie Foundation,〔Peterson, Dale, ''Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Man''. New York : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008, p. 154.〕 the Tigoni Research Center helped secure funding for all three of the women Leakey dubbed the "trimates". After Kenya achieved independence the center became the National Primate Research Center. Currently it is the Institute of Primate Research of the National Museums of Kenya, located in Nairobi.
At the time of Leakey's death in 1972, Goodall and Dian Fossey had progressed significantly in their long-term field research in Africa, while Birute Galdikas was just getting underway with her field studies in Indonesia. A fourth female researcher, Toni Jackman, had been selected to study bonobos in Africa, but the necessary financing and permits had not yet been secured before Leakey's death.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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